b Images of the same individual at birth and moult 1 (M1) to moult 4 (M4). The blue individual has a 10% faster growth rate than the red individual (0.11/h vs. elegans grows faster than linearly within larval stages.Ī Illustration of volume divergence during exponential growth. This property of genetic oscillators suggests a parsimonious mechanism that counteracts the amplification of size differences among individuals during development.Ĭ. Model analysis shows that an inverse relation between the period length and the growth rate is an intrinsic property of genetic oscillators and can occur independently of additional complex regulation. As predicted by a mathematical model, this perturbation alters the body volume. We perturb this coupling by changing the developmental tempo through manipulation of a transcriptional oscillator that controls the duration of larval development. elegans, we show that amplification of size heterogeneity is prevented by an inverse coupling of the volume growth rate to the duration of larval stages and does not involve strict size thresholds for larval moulting. Therefore, small variations in growth rates among individuals could amplify to a large heterogeneity in size. Animals increase by orders of magnitude in volume during development.
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June 2023
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